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Glow Fuel, also called Nitro fuel, is a special blend of three main ingredients, plus a few minor additives. There are several different blends of nitro fuel available, suited to different types of engine and performance requirements.

The three primary ingredients are nitromethane, methanol and oil, the latter being either Castor or Synthetic. It's the nitromethane, of course, that puts the word nitro in to so many rc terms (nitro plane, nitro car, nitro engine...).

It's not necessary to don your chemistry lab coat and round glasses to understand rc nitro fuel completely, but a basic understanding of how and why it makes your rc engine run isn't a bad thing, so this page will try and explain those basics of nitro fuel...

Contrary to popular belief, nitromethane isn't the primary and sole explosive ingredient of rc nitro fuel. While it is very flammable, and does contribute to the fuel burn, the primary job of nitromethane is to get extra oxygen (necessary for anything to burn) into the fuel mix.
Because of the small volume of the combustion chamber of the engine, ordinarily the small amount of naturally existing oxygen just wouldn't sustain a good burn. Nitromethane, however, carries a relatively large concentration of oxygen molecules, thus greatly increasing the amount of oxygen available to burn within the combustion chamber.

The primary ingredient for the burn is the methanol. It's a type of alcohol that's very flammable, although not as much as gasoline, for example. But the combined explosive properties of methanol and nitromethane produce the power inside your engine. Aside from its high flammability, methanol has another characteristic useful for running engines - when it evaporates, it carries heat away from the surface it's evaporating from. You can notice this with any alcohol-based product, such as nail polish remover. Place some on the back of your hand and feel your skin get cooler as the liquid disappears.
Obviously, any cooling agent is going to be very welcome in an rc engine, where temperatures can reach in to the high-hundred degrees!

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The final ingredient of rc nitro fuel is oil, either castor or synthetic. Oil is necessary for the lubrication of the engine, to protect rubbing metal parts from wearing.

Castor oil is the traditional oil used in model aero engines. It's a natural oil produced from the castor bean and has excellent lubricating qualities. The downside with castor oil is that it leaves a gummy residue after it has burned, which with time can build up inside your model engine. If left un-maintained, this residue can build up and harden to a varnish-like surface, causing all manner of problems for your engine. And, because of the way it burns, castor oil will leave a bigger mess from your model's exhaust.Synthetic oil is one that has been produced from artificial, laboratory-produced chemicals. Synthetic oil, because of its artificial additives, burns cleaner than castor oil and won't leave a gummy residue inside the engine. The downside is that synthetic oil can be broken down by the other ingredients of the nitro fuel, particularly at high temperatures. If this occurs, obviously your engine isn't going to get the lubrication it needs.A castor/synthetic oil mix is an option, and this gives the best of both worlds; the cleanliness of synthetic and the better lubrication of castor.

When choosing a suitable rc nitro fuel for your model, you should follow the engine manufacturer's recommendations primarily. But, once you've broken your engine in, you can of course experiment with different fuels, by trying various blends.
The word blend refers to the concentration of each ingredient, and different blends are used for different performance requirements.

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The main percentage you'll see is the nitromethane content. This varies, and for rc airplanes it can range from a low 5% to a whopping 40%. For general sport flying, a 15 to 25% blend is normal. The other common percentage shown on rc nitro fuels is the oil content. For general flying, again, anywhere between 15% and 20% is considered to be a standard amount.Apart from the kind of performance you need from your engine, the other thing that will determine your fuel blend choice is whether your engine is 2 stroke or 4 stroke.

It's very important to store your nitro fuel well; always read the manufacturer's instructions on storing the fuel properly.While rc nitro fuel does have a long shelf-life, it can go off. One of the biggest dangers is moisture contamination. Methanol can easily absorb moisture molecules from the atmosphere, and if they do get in to the fuel then it's pretty much wrecked. A tell-tale sign will be small droplets of condensation on the inside of the fuel bottle above the level of fuel, or on the underside of the lid. If this happens, dispose of your fuel safely and replace it with new.Always read what the manufacturer says about storing your fuel, but keeping it in its proper container with the lid screwed tightly on, at room temperature and well away from any sources of ignition is the safest way.Because of how rc nitro fuel burns, it does leave an oily residue in the exhaust smoke. This can easily build up on the surface of your airplane, throughout a days flying. For this reason, it's always a good idea to take a bottle of fuel cleaner to the field with you, and get in to the habit of cleaning your model before going home.

There are two types of fuel pumps. One type is designed to get fuel from the fuel can into the fuel tank and the other is to get fuel from the tank to the engine.

Fueling Pumps

To get fuel from the can to the tank you can use a squeeze bulb or manual or electric pump. Squeeze bulbs are good for smaller aircraft models, but become tedious with tanks larger than four ounces.

I prefer a manual pump because every electric pump I have owned has died after a few months of service. The instructions state that all fuel must be removed from the pump at the end of the flying day. I do that and they still break quickly.

Manual pumps seem to last forever. I have never had one go bad so now I do not bother with electric pumps any more. Pumps are made that either mount to the fuel container or the side of your field box. Either type works.

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Engine Fuel Pumps

Engine fuel pumps are made to give the most consistent flow of fuel to the engine possible.

These prevent the engine from going lean as the fuel level goes down, inconsistent performance during aerobatic maneuvers or to pull fuel from tanks that are located farther than normal from the engine.

I have owned only one engine with a fuel pump (K & B .40 with

built-in pump). Other than that I have not had a lot of experience with them and have not had a need for one either.

Nevertheless, I can understand how a pump could be useful — especially for scale models where engine failure can be the demise of the model or aerobatic contest ships where an inconsistent engine run can cost you the victory.

For sport flyers they are just something else that can go wrong and to tinker with. I suggest you stay away from them until you definitely have a need for a pump.

Getting your car detailed is the best way to ensure that it is cleaned properly. However, when detailing professionals are taking care of your car or if you are washing it yourself, it’s important to clean seat covers properly to avoid ruining them. After all, seat covers are an investment designed to protect the seats in your car. They are a perfect vehicle accessory because they can be changed as needed, most are machine washable and they can protect you from hot seats during the summer months.

The type of cleaning required on car seat covers depends on the material with which they are made. For example, plain fabric seat covers can usually be cleaned in a washing machine; suede or leather seat covers must be cleansed with a special cleaner or a concoction of mild detergent and water. A good detailing company will know exactly how to clean the interior car seat covers in your vehicle and can recommend a good cleanser for the times you must do it yourself.

Most car seat covers can be cleaned in a washing machine on gentle with cold water. You can use the same type of detergent that you use to do your laundry. However, there are some interior car seat covers that are not machine washable, in which case a cloth, lukewarm water and some mild detergent should be used to cleanse the fabric of the seat cover. You can then dry with a small fan to ensure that the seat covers are properly dried. This is important because if you allow seat covers to simply air dry over time, the covers will pick up a slight mildew smell.

If the interior car seat covers have stains, you can use a gentle stain remover, or ask the detailing company to use the right stain removal agent to ensure you don’t ruin the seat covers. Cleaning is not necessary on a regular basis; in fact, only clean seat covers when there is apparent build up or if the covers are obviously dirty. Otherwise, you can clean your seat covers once every three months or so.

Seat covers are essential when trying to protect the seats in your vehicle. Just be sure that, since you have invested in a set of covers, that you take proper care of them. This includes engaging in the proper cleansing methods, whether you wash the covers yourself or have a detailing company do it for you.

Owner and operator of a seat covers and auto accessories manufacturing company, Dan Bodrero takes pride in the quality of his workmanship and stands by every product that leaves his store, whether it be dashboard mat or golf seat cover. Every item is hand crafted from top materials and is guaranteed to fit securely and snugly.

The current state of the economy has left the car industry in tatters. Car sales have declined over the last year and more consumers are keeping their current vehicles instead of replacing them with newer ones. So, what has happened to the automobile accessory industry? Has it too been left in tatters?

As it stands, the automobile accessory industry is doing better than ever. This is because as a result of most consumers holding on to older vehicles, the need for accessories to spruce up those existing cars and trucks has risen exponentially. Now, in an effort to jazz up their cars to look newer, consumers invest in a variety of accessories from specialty headlights, to seat covers, to custom steering wheel covers, and more. Business is booming for auto accessory retailers and with good reason. Many of the top accessories not only make your car or truck look better, they also serve to protect the interior — and sometimes exterior — of the vehicle to make it last that much longer.

Seat covers are a great example of the dual purpose an auto accessory can serve in a vehicle. Seat covers come in a huge range of styles, from funky, bold, printed designs to simple hues, and can be found at just about any auto accessory retailer. In addition to being a cool design element that can be added to a vehicle, they also serve to extend the life of the upholstery in a car or truck, ensuring that tears and cracks are kept to a minimum. Seat covers can be easily installed and are usually machine washable, which translates into easy care. Car detailers can clean a car’s upholstery with the seat covers on, which is another easy way to ensure they are properly cleansed.

Seat covers are a great example of a product that is keeping the auto industry thriving. Purchasing custom seat covers allows consumers to add a new look to their vehicle without spending a great deal of extra money — which in this economy is something most customers appreciate. Saving money is a priority for most vehicle owners these days and purchasing an auto accessory that promotes saving money while extending the life of their vehicle is a win-win situation for consumers.

Dan Bodrero owns and operates Seat Covers Unlimited, a seat covers and truck accessories manufacturer for nearly every make and model of car truck or SUV. Each car seat cover is hand crafted from quality materials and is guaranteed to protect your automobile and fit securely and snugly.

HOW can vehicles travel more and use less energy?

This question, which comes at a time when the world faces an energy crisis and growing environmental stress, is being posed by petroleum company Shell as a challenge to the region's innovative students.

In the Shell Eco-marathon competition, Asian students are encouraged to design vehicles that use conventional fuels like diesel, petrol and liquid petroleum gas, or alternatives like solar, ethanol, hydrogen or biofuels.

The "marathon", which will be held at Malaysia's Sepang International Circuit track from July 8-10, 2010, is aimed at encouraging participants to find solutions to produce fuel-efficient vehicles that can travel the furthest distance using the least amount of fuel. As long as teams abide by safety rules, the design of their vehicles is limited only by their imagination. The key to wining the race will be a vehicle's range or distance it can travel, and not its speed.

Last July 16, some 150 students and academics got a sneak peek at the way the new competition will work. Five selected student teams from Malaysia and Singapore drove specially built energy efficient cars around the Sepang International Circuit's north track.

The preview was specially organised for students to test out the track where the Shell Eco-marathon will take place next year, the first time the competition is being held in Asia. Shell has also built a prototype car to give interested students an opportunity to get a hands-on experience of what is expected of them in preparing their vehicles for the challenge. The event saw student teams from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), the National University of Singapore (NUS), and ITE (Institute of Technical Education) College West in Singapore test drive the eco-car that was purpose-built by Shell.

"The Shell Eco-marathon is a major educational project that encourages and fosters innovation in which students work together to explore potential solutions to both current and future transport and energy challenges," said Shell Malaysia chairman Saw Choo Boon.

"We do not see the Eco-marathon as just a race," said executive vice president of Shell Global Business-to-Business Tan Chong Meng. "Rather, it is about encouraging and inspiring our younger generation to think about energy efficiency, and it offers a platform for innovation in a very practical way. It is about doing more with less, reducing waste."

However, while many praise Shell for promoting a competition that gets people thinking about fuel efficiency, some critics of the marathon point out that the vehicles that take part in the competition are highly impractical, especially for consumer use.

The vehicles have no room for passengers, and drivers are often forced into an uncomfortable position in order to reduce aerodynamic drag. The cars are also designed to achieve maximum fuel efficiency at a low speed, 23kph and some can not drive faster than a mere 48kph. But nobody can deny the world's need for more fuel efficient cars.

Sustainable mobility is one key component of a new energy future, said Tan. "Just consider this: only about 30 per cent of the fuel that you put into your car gets used to move it forward. The rest is wasted and lost," he said. "Then for every kilometre that you drive, you are effectively putting over 1kg of C02 into the atmosphere."

"So, to make our transport more sustainable for the future, we will have to design more efficient engines and fuels, we will have to make cars lighter, we will have to train motorists to drive more efficiently, and we will need to explore alternative transport energies," he added.

More than 230 teams from 33 countries have taken part in the Shell Eco-marathon in the past 25 years in Europe and the Americas, which saw the event's debut two years ago.

Malaysia, chosen for its importance among Shell's Asian heartlands and its excellent infrastructure, will host the annual Shell Eco-marathon Asia from 2010 till 2012.

Thereafter it will be brought to another Asian country to host for the subsequent three years.

"Asia has a lot of excellent students who would show the world their talents and Shell also wants to showcase Asia to the world," said Saw, in explanation for the reason why Shell is bringing the competition to Asia after 25 years of racing in Europe.

Four Asian teams took part in the Shell Eco-marathon Europe in Lausitz, Germany, in May this year. The UTM's Fuel Cell Vehicle Team, with its prototype car, was one of nearly 190 participating teams from around the world.

Two Singaporean teams, Eco n Eco 1 and Eco n Eco 2 from the ITE, also took part in the May's European event which saw 12 Asian teams, competing in the prototype discipline.

Kruce, a team from the NUS, is the only group competing in the urban concept category.

The Shell Eco-marathon programme is open to high schools, colleges, universities and technical institutes throughout Asia. Registration for Shell Eco-marathon Asia 2010 starts on September 1, 2009.

In our modern age it is almost impossible to imagine life without rapidly advancing technology. Children today are brought up surrounded by all sorts of gadgets which they are often proficient at using. When people think of new technologies they often think mainly about high definition TVs or new games consoles and mobile phones.

Less consideration is given to progress in areas that are extremely important, such a vehicle safety. Today, cars, trucks and motorcycles are taken for granted by most families. It is hard to believe that mass production of motor vehicles only really began about a century ago.
Early cars looked very different to those we see on the highway today, and performance was also very dissimilar. Cars today vary in performance, but almost all can reach quite high speeds quickly, and are able to competently maintain highway speeds without hassle.

As acceleration improved and vehicle top speed increased, changes to automotive brakes were also necessary. There is no doubt that car technologies have come a long way, from the use of pneumatic tires to power steering and anti-lock automotive brakes. Keeping drivers and passengers safe has long been a priority, and safety belts have helped to save lives. Airbags are now used in locations throughout modern cars, helping to protect from side impacts as well as head on collisions. Vehicles themselves are also built with accidents in mind – crumple zones aim to control the force of the impact and prevent excessive damage occurring where passengers will be affected. Increasing thought is also put into pedestrian safety. Although it is obvious that when a human is hit by a moving car, the person will come off worse, car designers try to prevent certain injuries from being so severe, as in certain instances this can make the difference between life and death. Improvements in automotive brakes can make stopping or docking speed in emergency situations easier, but if a collision occurs with a pedestrian, other measures can also help, such as the careful positioning of potentially dangerous metal parts to less dangerous areas.

As we look to become more environmentally friendly, the cars we have grown to know over the last decades may well change. It is thought that technology will continue to evolve rapidly over the next century, and hopefully these advances will be used to benefit mankind and our planet. Medical science means that a lot of injured and ill people can now be saved, but avoiding accidents is still vital. Driving safely should be the priority when on the roads. If a driver is tired, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or is otherwise not in a fit state to operate a motor vehicle, then they should not drive at all. Even with all the improvements in car safety and automotive brakes, accidents can and do happen, so drivers need to be responsible and drive carefully and sensibly. It is hard to say what cars will be like in another hundred years, but there is little doubt there will always be car enthusiasts, as these vehicles have a way of capturing our hearts and minds.

Premium quality EBC brake pads and rotors for cars, trucks, motorcycles, is our business …. all made in the UK. For further information regarding our range of automotive brakes and where you can buy them from, please visit http://www.ebcbrakes.com.

This question, which comes at a time when the world faces an energy crisis and growing environmental stress, is being posed by petroleum company Shell as a challenge to the region's innovative students.

In the Shell Eco-marathon competition, Asian students are encouraged to design vehicles that use conventional fuels like diesel, petrol and liquid petroleum gas, or alternatives like solar, ethanol, hydrogen or biofuels

The "marathon", which will be held at Malaysia's Sepang International Circuit track from July 8-10, 2010, is aimed at encouraging participants to find solutions to produce fuel-efficient vehicles that can travel the furthest distance using the least amount of fuel. As long as teams abide by safety rules, the design of their vehicles is limited only by their imagination. The key to wining the race will be a vehicle's range or distance it can travel, and not its speed.

Last July 16, some 150 students and academics got a sneak peek at the way the new competition will work. Five selected student teams from Malaysia and Singapore drove specially built energy efficient cars around the Sepang International Circuit's north track.

The preview was specially organised for students to test out the track where the Shell Eco-marathon will take place next year, the first time the competition is being held in Asia. Shell has also built a prototype car to give interested students an opportunity to get a hands-on experience of what is expected of them in preparing their vehicles for the challenge. The event saw student teams from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), the National University of Singapore (NUS), and ITE (Institute of Technical Education) College West in Singapore test drive the eco-car that was purpose-built by Shell.

"The Shell Eco-marathon is a major educational project that encourages and fosters innovation in which students work together to explore potential solutions to both current and future transport and energy challenges," said Shell Malaysia chairman Saw Choo Boon.

"We do not see the Eco-marathon as just a race," said executive vice president of Shell Global Business-to-Business Tan Chong Meng. "Rather, it is about encouraging and inspiring our younger generation to think about energy efficiency, and it offers a platform for innovation in a very practical way. It is about doing more with less, reducing waste."

However, while many praise Shell for promoting a competition that gets people thinking about fuel efficiency, some critics of the marathon point out that the vehicles that take part in the competition are highly impractical, especially for consumer use.

The vehicles have no room for passengers, and drivers are often forced into an uncomfortable position in order to reduce aerodynamic drag. The cars are also designed to achieve maximum fuel efficiency at a low speed, 23kph and some can not drive faster than a mere 48kph. But nobody can deny the world's need for more fuel efficient cars.

Sustainable mobility is one key component of a new energy future, said Tan. "Just consider this: only about 30 per cent of the fuel that you put into your car gets used to move it forward. The rest is wasted and lost," he said. "Then for every kilometre that you drive, you are effectively putting over 1kg of C02 into the atmosphere."

"So, to make our transport more sustainable for the future, we will have to design more efficient engines and fuels, we will have to make cars lighter, we will have to train motorists to drive more efficiently, and we will need to explore alternative transport energies," he added.

More than 230 teams from 33 countries have taken part in the Shell Eco-marathon in the past 25 years in Europe and the Americas, which saw the event's debut two years ago.

Malaysia, chosen for its importance among Shell's Asian heartlands and its excellent infrastructure, will host the annual Shell Eco-marathon Asia from 2010 till 2012.

Thereafter it will be brought to another Asian country to host for the subsequent three years.

"Asia has a lot of excellent students who would show the world their talents and Shell also wants to showcase Asia to the world," said Saw, in explanation for the reason why Shell is bringing the competition to Asia after 25 years of racing in Europe.

Four Asian teams took part in the Shell Eco-marathon Europe in Lausitz, Germany, in May this year. The UTM's Fuel Cell Vehicle Team, with its prototype car, was one of nearly 190 participating teams from around the world.

Two Singaporean teams, Eco n Eco 1 and Eco n Eco 2 from the ITE, also took part in the May's European event which saw 12 Asian teams, competing in the prototype discipline.

Kruce, a team from the NUS, is the only group competing in the urban concept category.

The Shell Eco-marathon programme is open to high schools, colleges, universities and technical institutes throughout Asia. Registration for Shell Eco-marathon Asia 2010 starts on September 1, 2009.

Car parts firm announces closures
An automotive Car Spare firm has announced it is cutting staff and shutting down plants across its global operations. GKN has 2,500 automotive staff in the UK with head quarters in Worcestershire and 2 plants in Birmingham and another in Telford, Shropshire. It is not yet clear how many of the automotive work force will be affected. The firm has said it is taking action to stop a predicted pretax profits plunge. Its 2500 strong UK aero space division is thought to be unaffected.
Difficult period
A spokesman for GKN said: "We are now finalising plans to reposition our businesses to deliver acceptable profitability and cash generation through this difficult period." He added car and light vehicle sales had dropped across the world, hitting its production schedules. GMB Union spokesman Keith Hodgkinson said the union had been aware for some time of the firm's precarious situation. "We have in place an agreement with the company that members who wish to opt to leave the company via voluntary redundancy are free to do so and over the last few quarters over 100 workers have taken up this option," he said. The union was seeking further information from the company, he added. The company employs 42,000 people worldwide.

Car parts job cuts
Protests against job cuts at car parts firm Visteon spread when workers attempted to occupy more factories.
Scores of workers are staging protests in Basildon, Essex, and Enfield, north London.
The action follows an overnight sit-in at another factory in Belfast.
Staff are demanding action to save 560 jobs at three plants.
Around 200 staff face the axe at a plant in west Belfast and 100 of the workers stayed at the site throughout Tuesday night.
They claimed the company's former owner and main customer, Ford, had promised contracts which they now want to see honoured.
Union representatives asked workers to hold off on a threat to picket Ford showrooms until more information was available.
Visteon UK employed 173 staff at the Basildon plant, 227 in Enfield and 210 in Belfast.
The wider group has a 33,500-strong workforce and operations in 27 countries.

Job fears as car parts firm runs into trouble
Around 600 workers at a car parts supplier faced an uncertain future today after the firm was put into administration less than a week after being taken over. Euro Car Parts (ECP) bought rival Sheffield-based LSUK, which has 53 branches nationwide, last Wednesday. But ECP said it had been forced to place the entire business into the hands of administrators today after failing to secure investment support. The firm said: "Unfortunately, it became clear, very quickly, that it was simply going to be impossible to continue with investment without the required support, which was not forthcoming. "After a considerable amount of non-stop work and investment into LSUK over the past five days, the ECP directors realised that they had no option but to place LSUK into administration with effect." Lead administrators Tenon Recovery is in contact with several interested parties for LSUK, ECP added. As well as its branch network which supplies car parts and motoring services, LSUK operates subsidiaries M I Diesel Products, Protech Auto(UK) and Yeovil Rewind. LSUK staff turning up for work today reportedly found themselves locked out and a notice on the door telling them the company had ceased trading. The firm has about 110staff at its head office in Sheffield. Wembley based ECP, which is one of the UK's largest car parts suppliers, said it "deeply regrets what has happened, but to continue any longer with LSUK, as it currently stands, was unfortunately a futile operation". The group added that Tenon was planning to liaise with LSUK staff and "everything will be done to help and advise them with regard to the situation".

Japanese people are passionate about latest technology and their strong financial position lead them to buy these latest technology available in current market. In technology their first choice is always buying a New car with best quality & features. One of the major reason to buy new cars in Japan is that people want to have the latest technology with them while they are driving on the roads of Japan.

To buy latest one they sell their current old cars to the local market and the same second hand cars mostly exported due to heavy demands in international markets and everyday thousands of used vehicles are exported from Japan to various countries around the globe.

Below are some reasons why these thousands of quality used vehicles are available for sale and exported from Japan:

1. Japanese people want latest models of vehicles with great features & best in quality.

2. Strong purchasing power, help them to fulfill their dreams to buy new cars.

3. Great car exchange offers from the Japanese vehicle makers against used cars to sale their new cars.

4. Time to time bulk purchasing from the corporate sectors to save corporate taxes.

5. Strict Testing regulations. When a vehicle registered first time in Japan that comes under 3-years “Shaken” and once its expired, owners must obtain testing certificate to use further and there after 2 years it was to be re-obtain the same certificate. This is most stringent test of this type in the world and expensive also.

Because of all these reasons thousands of quality used cars brought in domestic market for sale and export at 30-40% low prices comparing with other countries. Most vehicles are of low mileage, good conditioned, not many owners and high maintenance.

In radio-controlled modeling, a model engine is an internal combustion engine used to power a radio-controlled aircraft, radio-controlled car, radio-controlled boat, free flight and control line aircraft, and tether car models also use these engines. Because of the square-cube law, the behaviour of many machines does not always scale up or down at the same rate as the machine's size (and often not even in a linear way), usually at best causing a dramatic loss of power or efficiency, and at worst causing them not to work at all. Methanol and nitromethane are proven solutions to enhance the power of an automobile engine (Top Fuel) and they can even get these small engines running.

Two-Stroke simply means that the engine “fires” (ignites the fuel in its combustion chamber) with every revolution of the piston. Generally, they’re a good place for new nitro modelers to start. Two-strokes are easier to operate, less vulnerable to problems if misused, and deliver more power for their size and weight.

Four-Stroke engines fire once with every two revolutions. They consume less fuel, sound more realistic, and provide more torque — but cost more, are harder to adjust and require more maintenance.

R/C models are powered in a variety of ways. Sailplanes, for example, need no power source other than nature. But they’re the exception. Nearly all R/C vehicles, aircraft, boats and helicopters require something to propel them into action. Electric models use small motors, powered by battery cells. Those motors should not be confused with glow engines — which are actual internal combustion power plants that form the heart of any “gas” or “nitro” powered R/C model. Most nitro R/C models use a 2- or 4-stroke glow engine, sized specifically for that model. Typically, they range in displacement from .049 cu. in. to 1.2 cu. in. (80cc to 20cc) — a variety that satisfies virtually any model’s power requirements. Glow engines cannot be operated with the same gasoline you’d get at a filling station pump. They require a special fuel, called “glow fuel.” It contains methanol as the base, with varying amounts of nitromethane to increase the energy that the fuel can provide. Oil, pre-mixed into the fuel, lubricates and protects your tiny engine as it pounds out amazing power. When you get your new engine, first examine it carefully for any obvious defects. Read the operating instructions closely. If the manufacturer suggests a specific procedure for breaking in the engine, by all means, use it!

CarWale.com Tips & Advices help you with everything you ever wanted to know about cars, their buying, selling or maintenance. Read tips on better car driving, saving fuel and much more.

Night Driving

According to a survey, death rate due to accident fatalities at night is three times more than that in the day... more
Driving in the rain

Ever experienced losing control, even if it was momentarily, under wet conditions? The answer may be, in all certainties, a yes for most of us... more
General Car Buying Tips

You need a new car or a used car. Whether it's your first car, or you're a seasoned buyer, its always good to take some expert advice... more
New Car Buying Tips

Buying new cars is not an easy job but carwale.com is committed to make car deals simplified by all means... more
Car Selling Tips

Selling a second hand car needn't be a headache. Our selling advice on the following pages will guide you through everything from preparing your car for sale to negotiating the price... more
Car Safety Tips

Preventive maintenance reduces chances of a breakdown. However chances cannot be overruled. It is better to be prepared... more
How to Save Fuel

We all would like to save fuel, whether it is for a noble cause like saving the planet, or for a selfish cause like not burning a hole in the pocket... more
Car Care Tips

As air conditioning becomes more common in the India, you have yet another fluid level to check. You should run your air conditioning at least once a week, not just when the weather is hot, to help maintain it... more
Used Car Buying Tips

Buying a used car is more complicated than buying a new one. There are many do's and don'ts when it comes to buying a used car. Buying a used car can be a lot trickier than buying a new car... more
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We are making you aware with the very common but unnoticed tricks that are used on you by dealership salespersons... more
Car Maintenance Tips

Regular oil changes is most important aspect of keeping your engine in a good shape. By doing so you eliminate so maaany other problems... more
Battery Tips

Normally, a new battery pack comes in a very low charge condition and must be fully charged before use. Refer to the user manual of your portable electronic equipment for charging instructions... more
Driving Tips

hether you are an occasional or an every day driver, you can decrease the amount of fuel you use by taking the energy saving steps described in this pamphlet... more
How To Estimate Car's Fuel Economy

"What is my car's mileage?" is a question that every car owner has on the brain... more

Need a tyre? What's your requirement? You want a tyre for normal use? You want to go flat-out and apex every corner? Else go off-roading? S tate your requirement and you will get the tyre.

Normal use:

If you intend to go for normal use, we suggest going for Tubeless Radial of the company recommended profile is the best option.

Are you a quick driver?

If going flat-out everytime is what you do, then performance tyres should be the ideal choose. They are soft and corner well but you have to compensate in terms of tyre life. Else, we can suggest to go for tyres with a greater contact patch. Remind you, though they grip more, that doesn't mean it has to go well with the suspension design. It could affect your steerability, hence performance tyres will be the ideal choice.

Off-Roading/Snow:

If your vehicle is meant to be driven more off-road or in snow or mud, all-terrain, snow or mud tyres will be the suitable tyre choice respectively.

Bling Bling:

Want to show off your tyres. Switch to alloys and low profile tyres to make your car look cool and attractive. Maybe chrome coated alloys could be your choice depending on the colour of your car. Avoid going overboard and go for ultra-low profile tyres as they will burst easy if the tyre goes into huge potholes.

Tyre Brands:

Apollo: Apollo tyres are another Indian tyre manufacturer, which owns Dunlop tyres and has now even acquired a Dutch tyre company. The company manufactures tyres for cars, trucks and tractors. Apollo even manufactures asymmetric tyres for passenger cars.

Bridgestone: Bridgestone is a Japanese tyre manufacturer which holds a good grip in most of famous motorsporting events. Bridgestone is the sole supplier to the top notch motorsport known as Formula 1, supplies tyres to some Moto GP teams and many other racing events. Bridgestone is the second largest year manufacturing company after Michelin.

CEAT: Cavi Electrici Affini Torino (CEAT) an Italian based company is a part of Indian Automotive Industry since 1958. The company has two plants in India (Mumbai and Nashik) and it manufactures tyres for heavy-duty trucks and buses, Light commercial vehicles, earthmovers, forklifts, tractors, trailers, cars, motorcycles and Scooters and auto-rickshaws.

Continental: Continental is a German company which manufactures tyres, brake systems and other automotive spares and is the fourth largest tyre manufacturer in the world. The company produces tyres for passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles.

Goodyear: Goodyear is a tyre company based in the US, and it's the third largest tyre company across the globe. The company manufactures tyres for automobiles, race cars, commercial trucks, light trucks and aeroplanes. They have a great motorsporting background and Goodyear holds the maximum share for supplying tyres to Formula 1 in terms of number of years. Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber and its use in cars.

JK Tyre: JK Tyre like MRF is another Indian brand that manufactures tyres for passenger cars, tractors and commercial vehicles. JK also sponsors a huge number of Indian Motorsporting events like the JK National Rotax Karting Championship, and most of the Indian Rally and Formula championship held across the country. The manufacturer goes on to sponsor many Indian racing drivers like Narain Karthikeyan, Karun Chandhok and Armaan Ebrahim. The JK tyres are also a bit harder like the MRF and tend to last longer than softer tyres.

Michelin: Michelin is a French based company famous for their high speed tyres. The French rubber producer supplies tyres to most of the motorsporting events like GP2 racing, World Rally Championship (WRC) and many to follow. The single tyre supplier for all teams rule made Michelin quit the Formula 1 circus. Michelin even supplies tyres to high speed cars capable of crossing 270km mark. Michelin tyres have built its image for manufacturing soft tyres which grip and handle well. Michelin is the largest tyre manufacturer (January 2009). Michelin is the pioneer of the radial ply tyres.

MRF: Madras Rubber Factory (MRF) manufactures tyres for cars, bikes and Formula racing in India. MRF's factory lies back in Chennai and the company has been promoting motorsports across the country through the MRF 4-stroke Karting Championship and a few rally championships. The rubber used by MRF on normal car tyre is a bit hard and tends to last longer than most of the other brands.

TVS Tyres: TVS Tyres manufacture tyres for two wheelers, three wheelers and agricultural applications like tractors. This is a child company of the TVS group.